MLH Group
Where two neurons meet, they can form a chemical synapse, a site where information is propagated from one neuron to the next. These regions are specialized to allow rapid (millisecond) communication. In response to an electrical impulse, the terminal of a presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters, which diffuse across the synaptic cleft to activate specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. These receptors cause an electrical discharge in the postsynaptic cell, thereby propagating the electrical signal. The formation and pruning of new synapses is a method the brain has for changing its architecture. For rapid communication, the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements of the synapse must be aligned, such that neurotransmitter release occurs at sites opposite receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. One assumption is that this alignment is achieved by adhesion molecules – specific cell-surface proteins located on both sides of the synapse that grip each other across the synaptic cleft and hold the presynaptic and postsynaptic apparatus in place. The synapse is central to processing of information and communication between neurons, and molecular imaging of the synapse can offer insight into the nature of the synapse and its formation.
What molecules are involved in synapse formation?
Once formed, what molecules maintain the structure of the synapse?
In order to form synapses, this membrane region needs to be functionalized. What is the role of lipids in the formation of chemical synapses?
How does this affect the neurotransmitter released?
Both electrochemical and mass spectrometric methods provide information regarding the chemical identity and concentration of molecules. These methods can also be combined with complimentary techniques such as electrophysiology and fluorescence imaging to provide insights into fundamental process at the cellular level. This research has the potential to have significant impact as these molecules can be used as pharmacological targets in various cognitive and psychiatric disorders and diseases.
The University of Arizona Land Acknowledgement.
We respectfully acknowledge the University of Arizona is on the land and territories of Indigenous peoples. Today, Arizona is home to 22 federally recognized tribes, with Tucson being home to the O’odham and the Yaqui. Committed to diversity and inclusion, the University strives to build sustainable relationships with sovereign Native Nations and Indigenous communities through education offerings, partnerships, and community service.